過彎 Turning

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大西瓜皮

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电梯直达

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发表于 2007-4-5 00:51 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

過彎 Turning 如同其他登山車的騎乘技巧一般，過彎也有很多變數，好比這個彎是個平順的彎或帶有起伏的彎。這個彎的角度有多大？輪胎抓地力如何？同樣是過彎有著不同的技巧和速度。在高速彎道時你將和離心力對抗，而低速過彎時，你則必須運用平衡技巧以確保不會下馬(因為低速時會缺乏慣性)。針對不同的過彎速度，有二種不同的過彎方法，轉動把手以及將車身往彎角方向傾斜。慢速過彎時必須靠轉動車把及前輪，隨著速度的提昇，越來就越須要利用傾斜車身的方式過彎，因為高速過彎時如果轉動車把易導致前輪失控跟著摔了出去。我們先來看看高速過彎。一項有用的過彎訓練為對著同樣的過彎一再練習，體驗不同的過彎技巧。這次我們要練習過彎時踏板保持水平，上半身和過彎的外側成一個角度。這個姿勢在穩定性和抓地力都不是問題時很有用，在崎嶇不平的路面時，屁屁要離開座墊，這個姿勢在路面向內彎傾斜的彎道或有著良好抓地力的彎道也很有用，傾斜車身過彎，運用向心力取得平衡。當在滑溜的路面過彎且速度更快時，踏板水平的姿勢會顯得不穩並且輪胎可能會側滑出去。抓地力決定了你能用多少速度進彎以及你的身體要怎樣才能使輪胎持續咬住地面。角度(身體及車子與地面的相對角度)可以增進你的抓力地。你可以試看看身體在什麼樣的位置，在過彎時會增加抓地力。讓我們試著過彎時將外側踏板踩直(譯者按：內側踏板停留在高點亦即曲著內側腳)並且上身和彎道外側成一個角度(譯者按：近垂直)，這樣身體的重量會施加壓力於輪胎的接地面提昇抓地力。外側腳向踏板用力施壓，此時踏板仍位於最低處，將車身扳向地面傾斜，好似全身的重量都放在外側腳，這樣你就可以用更高的速度貼地過彎。 Like most techniques with mountain biking, turning has many variables, is the turn bend flat or off camber. How tight is the arc of the turn? How much traction will your tires have? The same turn requires different techniques and speed. In high-speed turns, you need to counter act centrifugal force, while in low-speed turns, you have to use balance to stay-up-right. When there is no gyroscopic effect. To handle the different speeds, you have two distinct methods, turning the handlebars and leaning the bike, slower speeds require turning the handlebars and front wheel, the faster you go, the more you need to lean your bike to turn it, since turning the bars will cause the front-wheel to plow or to wash-out. Let’s look at the high-speed turns first. A valuable turning-drill is to take one turn and do it over and over. Experimenting with different techniques. This time we are going through the turn with our pedals parallel and our upper body angulated to the outside of the turn. This position is useful for turns where stability and traction are not in question, as well as in rough terrain, you have to be out of the saddle, it also works on bank turns and turns with good traction, where you can simply lean with the bike to strike a balance with centripetal force; gravity and traction. At higher speeds on slippery surfaces with no burn, keeping your pedals parallel would be unstable and your tires will want to slide-out. When traction determines how much speed you can into turn you turn and how much body anguish to keep the tires biting. Angulations help you to improve your traction. You can experiment with body positioning to increase the traction in the turn. Let’s try putting our outside foot down at the bottom of the pedal stroke and putting all the way beyond, also angulate your upper body to the outside of the turn. This is putting our weight over the tire contact patches and increase our traction. Press your outside foot against the pedal, at the bottom of the stroke, to force the bike into the ground. With all the weight on your outside-foot you can do a tighter turn at a higher speed. 30:14 你的雙臀應斜向過彎的內側，雙肩維持在外側腳的上方，將所有重量加諸於外側踏板，這樣會保持更多的重量施加於輪胎，好像壓著單車切入地面一般。成功的過彎決定於能在車身傾斜和輪胎側滑出去之間找到平衡點，過彎時你會想將重心往前移一點以便增加前輪的抓地力。很明顯地我們正在使用很多將上半身重量在單車兩側間移動的技巧。什麼是有效的，右彎時對車把內側(右側)施力，想像著要把它栽入土?，這樣就可以得到你要的過彎抓地力和與地面的接觸點。 Your hips should tilt with the bike to the inside of the turn, your shoulders should remain over your outside foot, focus all of your weight on the outside pedal. This keeps more weight over the tires pushing the knobs into the dirt while still letting the bike carve. Making a successful curve depends on finding a balance between leaning the bike over and weighing the tires to keep them from sliding out, you might want your weight slightly forward to increase front wheel traction so, when you are going to the turn, obviously we are using a lot of side to side weigh you weigh with your upper body sometimes? Yes what is effective there is, for a right-hand turn waiting you left hand or the left side of your bar and not actually, thinking of drilling it into the ground but just, taking a little pressure of the inside of the handle bar and transfer to the outside of the handle bar. And by doing that and your pushing the knobs of the front tire deeper into the dirt; yes straight into the dirt where you can get your contact patch and your traction. 31:21 還有些細節可以增進你的穩定度，過彎時內側膝蓋向內側伸張有助平衡和穩定。 There are subtle things can help your stability punch your inside knee into the turn this helps maintain balance and stability by giving you wider stance. 31:34 伸出單腿過彎Wheel drift One foot out 當你高速過彎時會感覺到輪胎好像要打滑，你不希望它真的打滑，但為了避免過度反應或犁田，你應該熟悉那種感覺。我們所要做的是，當我們用很快的速度過彎時，特別是在有些滑的彎時，將你的內側腿由踏板離開並伸出去，這樣做可以增加穩定性和避免後輪打滑時犁田。 When you go fast through turns it’s likely you wheels drift a bit you don’t necessarily want this to happen, but you should be familiar enough with the sensation so you don’t overreact and crash. What we want to do is, we are going through the turn really fast, especially for the slippery turn take your inside foot out, this will increase your stability and keeps you from crashing if you rear wheel slides out. 32:00 高速過彎時將腳移開踏板伸出去可以有更多平衡能力，也可以更穩定，即使後輪打滑了，你的腳也已經到位來確保不會摔車。伸腳的作用類同在圓木上行走時將雙臂伸出以獲致平衡，當你後輪打滑時，你可以運用前輪控制側滑的程度。將前輪方向轉正，後輪打滑，前輪持續滾動，藉以控制前進動線和平衡。因過彎半徑的不同，抓地力也會有變，而我會做什麼樣的調整以重新獲得抓地力？嗯，我認為過彎時身體的位置是一直在改變的，當抓地改變時是因後輪打滑，你必須立即調整你的身體，往某個方向或其他方向，找到你單車前進時的平衡點，試著重新獲得抓地力。利用後輪鎖死打滑來甩尾過彎，讓你不用耽心路面的狀況，例如易打滑的砂石路面。將你的身體重稍微往後移，鎖死後剎車讓車開始打滑，控制車把及剎車點放頻率以掌握甩尾的程度，然而這並不是一種友善的騎乘方式，不建議在單軌路徑上使用。 With your foot out of the paddle you will have more adjustment for your balance and you get the feeling of better stability at higher speeds plus if you rear wheel all the way out your foot is in position to save a fall. When you take your foot out of the paddle in a turn and stick your leg out I think it is comparable with sticking your arms out when you are on log it increases your stability and gives your more balance, if your rear wheel does break loose you can control the amount of slide with counter steering of the front wheel.Turn your front wheel in the same direction; your rear wheel is sliding, this keeps the front wheel rolling, so you can control your line and balance. For a lot of times in turns you have varying amounts of traction throughout the radius of the turn. What kind of little adjustments will me make, when we start maybe lose traction to get back. Well I think your body position is always constantly changing, as traction changes so lot of times when you brake loose, you may have to adjust your body, suddenly one way or the other, to counter balance which your bike is going and, try to get your traction back, if that’s your goal, which the turn normally is. Allowing the rear wheel to break loose and spurning off the turn is an option for places where you don’t have to worry about damaging the terrain, like on dirt roads. Get your weight slightly forward and use the rear brake to initiate the slide, adjust the amount of slide with counter steering and rear brake modulation, this is not an eco friendly technique so don’t use it on single track. 在技巧之外，重要的是你能用多的速度過彎。在進彎點之前你必須先減速，最好的路線是選定到達彎道頂點的開闊路線，然後對準你的出彎點，試著將進出彎的路線弄得平順點，你不見得每次都做得到，但建議你最好這樣做。在高速彎道的頂點，輪胎通常會處於失去抓地力的邊緣，這時使用任何剎車將(？)試著放鬆你的手指頭。對於騰越的過彎及向內的路面大落差，需要相當極端的身體角度來保持輪胎貼地，極盡地展現所有你會的技巧以增進抓地力和穩定性。體驗不同型式的過彎，試著保持踏板水平，試著外側腳打直並張開內側膝蓋，試著自踏板鬆開一條腳，你會發現不同的路面、不同的速度和不同迴轉半徑使用不同的過彎技巧會有更好的表現。 Regardless the technique you use it’s crucial to determine how much speed you can carry through the turn. You need to slow down and brake hard before the corner. The best line is to set up wide aiming for the apex of the corner then head back toward the outside of the trail as you exit think a bit as trying to straighten out the turn you can’t always do that, but it is preferable. In the apex of high-speed corners your tires will often be at a limit of traction, applying either brake will provoke a slight to help reduce an in avert front brake gears, try relaxing your braking fingers. For off camber turns and in-ward terrain drops away you need to use extreme angulations to keep the tires sticking, exaggerate all your techniques to increase traction and stability. Experiment with comparing the different kinds of turns, try pedals parallel, try it with your outside foot down and inside knee out, try it with a foot out, you will find different turning techniques works better for different tractions surfaces, different speeds and different radius turns 35:00 慢速過彎 Slow speed turns 髮夾彎有異於其他彎道，因為必須用慢速才能通過。一般人通常對夾角很小的彎會有問題，因為過彎時缺乏平衡使得他無法專注在過彎的技巧。還記得定桿練習嗎？你可將定桿練習略為修改成為慢速過狹彎練習。練習中你會發現，你會盡可能得轉動車把手以便縮小轉彎半徑，並且車速得變得非常慢。好了，因此你可能正在按剎車、正在使勁平衡，你的車速正好和轉彎的角度相匹配，角度狹小的髮夾彎總是一種平衡能力的考驗。你可以看到我的身體如何和車子形成一個角度，是否相當偏轉彎處的外側了？這會幫你不會轉彎轉得太死。 Switchbacks differ from other turns, because you have to go slowly, people have often trouble riding the tight turns, because a lack of balance keeps them from concentrating on the mechanics of the turn. Remember the track stand balance drill?You can modify it to practice slow and tight turns. And one thing you’ll find, in order to ride a tight circle, you got to turn your handlebars as far as you can, in order to turn them that far you have to go really slow. Ok, so you are being using your brakes, you will be using a lot of balance, your speed has to match the tightness of the turn too much speed and you can’t make it as tight a turn, tight switchbacks always going to be a sort of balance situation. You see how I angling my body out, quite a bit to the outside of the turn? That helps you that don’t make your turn tight but it helps you. 35:59 保持抓地力！將你的頭和雙肩指向彎道，這會迫使你的雙臀移向彎的外側，脊椎骨到頸部好像順著彎道的弧度彎曲成形以便往前看。髮夾彎下坡結合了慢速狹彎過彎和額外的體位的挑戰。陡下坡需要精確的剎車，保持單車垂直於地面以便有比較好的剎車和轉向控制。轉彎前先減速，選擇預計剎車點的路面(片中是穩固的石塊)，記得轉彎時或在樹根及滑動的石塊上時剎車不要握太緊，在前輪確定方向且後輪就定位前(身體)大幅擺動，這會幫你在下髮夾彎時找到一點比較直的的路線來使用剎車。 Keep traction! Point your head and shoulders in the direction of the turn; this will force your hips to the outside of the corner, your backbone curves with the corner with your neck turns so that you are looking ahead. Descending switchbacks combine the slow-speed tight-turn, with the additional challenge of position, for a steep downhill that demands precise braking, keep your bike up-right with no lean for better braking and steering control. Slow down before the turn. Choosing rock that allows you to pick specific spots to brake, remember to avoid too much front brake pressure when the handlebars are turned and when your are on slippery rocks and roots, swing wide just before the turn to leave the rear wheel in place while the front wheel re-directs. This helps you buy a little straight section in the middle of the switchback that you can use for braking. 37:11 髮夾彎上坡結合了前述爬坡練習的要點，依平衡及抓地力的考量來調整你的重心位置，直到進入狹彎內。依彎的角度和坡度選擇適當的檔位，確定你已找到了一條最容易的路線(將樹根、石塊和抓地力考量在內)。很多騎士忘了一條明顯的準則「如果你一直盯著前輪看，你會看或想得不夠遠」或忘了運用正確的體位來應付狹彎。當你開始過彎時，抬頭看著前進路線，並且集中注意力在好的路線上而非在障礙上，小的障礙物可能會在速度很慢時造成問題。慢速移動練訓可幫你瞭解後輪軌跡和前輪之間的關係。 Riding up-hill switchback combines the principles we have learned back in the climbing section, adjusting your weight to maintain traction with the balance needed, toward a tight radius turn. Picking gear to match the tightness and the steepness of the turn, make sure you pick the easiest line, taking into account roots, rocks and traction. A lot of riders forget this visual discipline, if you only look at your front-wheel you won’t be thinking far enough ahead, or setting up the correct body posture for the tight turn. When you start your turn, look up for the course move and concentrate your vision on the good line not on the obstacles on the turn, small obstacles can pose problems at slow speed. This slow speed maneuvering drill help you to learn how your rear wheel tracks in relation to your front-wheel. 38:03 任何訓練，你必須具備一直將你原有的極限往前推一步的意願，即使因此摔車也在所不惜。增進前輪控車技巧有助於讓你的後輪輕易通過障礙物，後輪雖受到忽視卻得到前進的動能。 With any drill, you have to be willing to push your limits a bit and keep them in case you will fall. You improved steering position will help you negotiate your rear wheel toward obstacles, where misplaced rear wheel gains momentum. [em07]